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If we apply a force equal to 2 N, the correspondingacceleration is 2 m/s 2.Įxperiments have shown that the force is a vector. For example, one can throw a baseballsignificantly further (and faster) than a ball of similar size made of lead.The unit of force is the Newton (N), and a force of 1 N is defined as the forcethat when applied to an object with a mass of 1 kg, produces an acceleration of1 m/s 2. If we exert the same force on several objects with different mass, we willobserve different accelerations.
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Strictly speaking, the earth istherefore also not an inertial frame, however, only if we consider large scalemotion such as wind and ocean current do we need to take into account the noninertial character of the rotating earth. Rotating referenceframes are not inertial reference frames. One way to test whether a reference frame is an inertial reference frame, isto put a test body at rest and arrange things so that no net force acts in it.If the reference frame is an inertial frame, the body will remain at rest ifthe body does not remain at rest, the reference frame is not an inertial frame.If you put a bowling ball at rest on a merry-go-round, no identifiable forcesact on the ball, but it does not remain at rest. Reference frames in which Newton's first law applies are called inertial reference frames.
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Newton's first law is really a statement about reference frames in that itdefines the kinds of reference frames in which the laws of Newtonian mechanicshold. If the body is moving with constant velocity, it willcontinue to do so. If the body is at rest, itwill remain at rest. " Consider a body on which no net force acts. This conclusion is summarized in Newton's first law: In the limit of no friction, ourobject will keep moving with a constant velocity, and no force need to beapplied. If we reducefriction, the moving object will take longer to slow down, and the force neededto overcome the friction force will be less. In all these cases,friction will ultimately stop any moving object, unless the friction force iscanceled by the force supplied by our legs, our engine, etc. We need to keep pedaling if we want to keep abicycle going with constant speed, we need to have our engine running if wewant to keep driving with a speed of 55 miles/hour. Forproblems on the scale of atomic structure we must replace Newtonian mechanicsby quantum mechanics.Īll around us we observe that all moving objects will come eventually to rest,unless we apply a force to them. If the speed ofthe objects involved is an appreciable fraction of the speed of light, we mustreplace Newtonian mechanics by Einstein's special theory of relativity.
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It should be realized thatNewtonian mechanics does not always provide correct answers. In this course we will be discussing the laws of motion obtained by Newton.This is called Newtonian mechanics. The laws of motion aresubsequently used to calculate the acceleration of the object under influenceof the force. Under the influence of a force, an object will accelerate.The force laws allow us to calculate the force acting on a body from theproperties of the body and its environment. We state that the surroundings exert a force onthe object studied. When an object all of a sudden changes its velocity and/or direction, we canalways find an interaction between that object and its surroundings that isresponsible for this change.